IJFTET
International Journal of Futuristic Trends in Engineering and Technology
UGC and ISSN Approved and added in the UGC Approved List of Journals Journal.
Process Optimization Using CHEMCAD.
Krishna Solanki,Prof. N M Patel.
Special Issue Azeotrope'14 - Volume: I , Issue: II
Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 47-51
Abstract: this paper is aimed to discuss about the various simulation and optimization using chemcad. The chemcad has emerged out as a powerful tool for the simulation and optimization of chemical process industry. Process for the urea manufacturing is called as Stamicarbon CO2 stripping process. The stamicarbon CO2I. INTRODUCTION stripping was developed so as reduce the wastage and to make the process simpler but it has a very complex working strategy for the urea manufacturing. Using chemcad as a tool for the simulation and optimization the urea manufacturing process can be optimized. During simulations certain parameters were found which can affect the process to a large extent to change the product quality and quantity. Simulation of the process as revealed that the process can be much more simplified by breaking the flowsheet into parts. It was also found that the type of reactor model used and the temperature can affect the process in various ways. This paper describes the alternative method through which a urea can be developed in much simpler way, but this has a short-come that the increase in number unit operations. Product quality and quantity can also be increased by using a process intensified unit operation called reactive distillation in the process. During simulation many factors were came under notice which affects the simulation of the process and also the optimization of the process. The operating pressure of stamicarbon process is quite higher than the normal operating pressure of any equipment and during simulation it was found that the operating pressure can also be reduced by refluxing the stream rather than allowing the streams to pass once through the tower. This paper in brief has the simulation and optimization of the urea process in the chemcad.
Keyword: CHEMCAD, simulation, optimization, stamicarbon.
Reduction of Ammonical Nitrogen and Colour from Effluent in Auramine O Plant
Piyush Patel ,Prof.C.G.Bhagchandani.
Special Issue Azeotrope'14 - Volume: I , Issue: II
Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 52-53
Abstract: Ammonical nitrogen (NH4-N), often present in differenttypes of industrial wastewaters, can find their way to lakes, rivers anddrinking water reservoirs. Discharging of excessive wastewater in theform of ammonical nitrogen (NH4-N) into the receiving water causesenvironmental problems such as eutrophication, corrosion andfouling. The purpose of the present study was to investigate theremoval of NH4-N from real industrial waste water using biologicalsystem. The laboratory scale experiment carryout for nitrificationprocess, is being carried out in a sequential batch reactor and removalof nitrate from the system generated during the oxidation ofammonical nitrogen, was carried out in a Photo bioreactor usingalgae. The paper discusses in detail about the above removaltechnique.
Keyword: Ammoniacal nitrogen, Colour reduction, Effluenttreatment, Biological treatment.
Biomethanization of Food Waste
Mehta Bhasha C.,Vaishnavi Talati,Prof. Khyati K. Modi.
Special Issue Azeotrope'14 - Volume: I , Issue: II
Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 54-56
Abstract: Disposal of food waste is a major environment concern all over the world. This kitchen waste, being organic in nature can be used for production of biogas, which further can be utilized for various purposes. Anaerobic digestion is a microbial process for production of biogas, which consists of primarily methane (CH4) & carbon dioxide (CO2). Biogas can be used as energy source and it can also be used for numerous purposes. But, any possible applications require knowledge & information about the composition and quantity of constituents in the biogas produced. The continuously-fed digester requires addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to maintain the alkalinity and pH upto 7. A combination of these mixed inoculums is used for biogas production at 37°C in laboratory(\(\(\(\(small scale) reactor (20lit capacity) In our study, the production of biogas and methane is done from the starch-rich and sugary material and is determined at laboratory scale using the simple digesters.
Key Words: methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2I. INTRODUCTION ), Biogas, Anaerobic digestion, sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Simulation Study of Reactive Distillation for Monochloroacetic Acid using CHEMCAD
Nair Greeshma Unni,Bharat H. Shah,Narendra M. Patel
Special Issue Azeotrope'14 - Volume: I , Issue: II
Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 57-64
Abstract: In the present age of technological innovations and developments, we tend to compromise on various aspects to obtain a product which is highly listed in terms of its yield, quantity as well as the net profits. Environmental and safety factors are usually in a state of neglect owing to such increased competitiveness in the market. This has thus led us to follow the widely accomplished path of Process Intensification (PI), which aims at achieving significant benefits in economic, ecologic and social efficiency of any process. Monochloroacetic acid (MCA), the product under consideration here is a popular intermediate in the dye, pharmaceuticals, anaesthetics and herbicides industries. India itself is a significant contributor in the production scenario in the world (>65,000 tonnes/year), employing the conventional method of chlorination of acetic acid. However this conventional production involves certain drawbacks. This paper thus focuses on the alternative production route of MCA by a highly popular PI technique- Reactive Distillation. Simulation studies for the process using CHEMCAD have been depicted. This software is widely used for development and maintenance of many chemical processes. This software thus allows us to study the effect of change in various parameters on the production of MCA and also helps to obtain optimum values of those parameters. Keywords: Monochloroacetic acid, Process Intensification, Reactive Distillation, CHEMCAD.
Implementation of Cleaner Production in ReactiveTurquoise Blue Dyes Manufacturing Plant
Pratik M Devani,Dr. S. A. Puranik.
Special Issue Azeotrope'14 - Volume: I , Issue: II
Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 65-67
Abstract: The Reactive Turquoise Blue Dye is manufactured bysulphonation process using CSA,CPC(Copper Phthalocyanine CrudeBlue) and PCL3 as raw materials. A large quantity of vent gasescontaining SOx gases is released as an effluent from the top ofreactor.These gases are considered to be very hazardous; if accidentlyit comes in contact with human. There could be an acute effect tohuman health which can ultimately lead to fatal. Such annoyingcondition can be reduced by passing SOx gases through graphitecondenser/cooler which is placed in between reactor and scrubber,instead of passing these gases directly to scrubber. Condenser willliquefy organic vapor and send it back to reactor as a reflux. Thisalternative route decreases the prospects of hazard in plant as well asincreases product quality with reduction in water effluent. This paperwill include the design data of this graphite condenser, advantages ofthis graphite condenser in terms of reduction in effluent quantity andimprovement in product quality.Keywords: Reactive Turquoise Blue Dyes, Sulphonation process,Cleaner Production, Graphite condenser, Reduction in effluent.
Sanket K Raval,Prof. Beena Sheth .
Special Issue Azeotrope'14 - Volume: I , Issue: II
Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 68-74
Abstract: The food industry is always looking for the best separation technologies. Technologies to obtain natural compounds of high purity, healthy products of excellent quality with several industrial applications. The conventional extraction processes for these compounds are no doubt useful but they have some limitations regarding the solvent toxicity, flammability and wastefulness. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is one of the relatively new efficient separation methods for the extraction of essential oils from different plant materials that also overcome drawbacks and limitations of conventional techniques. Various controlling parameters are temperature, pressure, particle size, and flow rate of super critical solvent, which has great influence on the yield of oil extracted. By increasing or decreasing pressure and temperature, optimum yield of the product can be achieved. Extraction of oil can be increased by decreasing particle size and increasing flow rate of super critical solvent. More yields can be obtained by varying the effecting parameters mentioned here. Optimization of conditions in case of supercritical fluid extraction can be advantageous to obtain more yield of the product.
Keywords: Supercritical fluid, supercritical extraction, effect of parameters on extraction of oil
A Review: Lycopene extraction from Supercritical Extraction using CO2 as a solvent
Snehal R. Banker, Prof. N. R. Vaghela,Prof. Gaurav Saxena, Prof. R. R. Merchant.
Special Issue Azeotrope'14 - Volume: I , Issue: II
Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 75-77
Abstract: The wide range of technologies have been developed in separation science and technologies. Among this supercritical extraction is one of the separation method which is used to separate essential oils or high value added compounds from different species. The overview of Lycopene obtained from tomato skin and seeds has been discussed in this review article. The main goal of this review is to study and understand the extraction of lycopene and study the parameters where maximum yield of lycopene is obtained, also the analysis for the extracted component is from HPLC is studied. The importance of lycopene and β-carotene in human diets and the medicinal and pharmaceutical uses are discussed. The SFE and Lycopene in industrial application of food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics, the chemical characteristics of essential lycopene in human absorption, metabolism rate and transport and distribution in tissues are also explained.
Keywords:SCFE-CO2, Lycopene from tomato, β-carotene
Removal of Organicsfrom Effluent via FreezeCrystallization
Ms. Khushboo C. Shah ,Prof. Suchen B. Thakore.
Special Issue Azeotrope'14 - Volume: I , Issue: II
Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 78-80
Abstract: In the process industry, separation technology is a key enabler in medical, mining, food, paper, chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological processes. Freeze crystallization is an efficient separation process that can potentially be used in any application. Freeze crystallization is a high energy efficiency separation process that can be applied to a wide variety of industrial requirements. Although the vapour - liquid equilibrium is generally employed to separate the components of a solution, use of solid-liquid equilibrium should be considered – it may be cheaper. Complete recovery of acetic acid and formic acid from acetic acid-water and formic acid-water solution respectively by ordinary distillation is nearly impossible, because of very low relative volatility and azeotrope formation respectively. But the same separation is possible by freeze separation technique. This paper will include stage wise separation data by freeze crystallization for very dilute aqueous solution of formic acid.Freeze crystallization has been used historically in those applications where other separation processes are incapable of effecting the separation. Although freeze crystallization has been used to fractionate solution in specialized applications, the technique has never been adopted on a large scale. In some applications, freezing can perform a separation with 75-90% reduction of the energy required by conventional distillation.Key words – Eutecic freeze crystallization, Solid-liquid equilibrium, Recovery of acetic acid, Heat of sublimation
The Role of Polymer Bound Chemicals in Rubber Properties
Hitesh Parihar,Prof. R. N. Desai
Special Issue Azeotrope'14 - Volume: I , Issue: II
Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 81-83
Abstract: Rubber chemicals are substances which are added to rubber compounds to allow vulcanisation to occur, to control the course of vulcanisation and to influence the properties of the vulcanisates. Rubbers chemicals are usually powders which may not be readily incorporated homogeneously into the rubber compounds and usually gives rise to dust during processing. The use of powders has its inherent disadvantages in terms of dusting, creation of fines, environmental problems etc. Polymer bound chemicals have provided a solution to this problem and the role of polymer bound chemical in improving mixing quality, productivity and consequently final products quality with economic as well as environmental benefits. The main objective of this paper is to focus on role of polymer bound chemical in rubber product. The rubber formulation with polymer bound chemicals and to check its effect on properties of rubber products. Safety parameters as well as the environmental effects of these are also studied and depicted.
